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Make sure yous're ready to apply for Russian citizenship past getting an agreement of the state's nationality police.

If you are relocating to Russia or looking to live their for a long menstruation of time, you can cull betwixt Russian permanent residency or full Russian citizenship. Both afford you the rights of Russian nationals, although there are differences between them.

There are different weather and requirements depending on where you are travelling from, with those from Russian speaking former Soviet countries able to more easily settle in Russia. There are also benefits for refugees and those who enter on a Highly Skilled Professionals visa. Even more information on Russian entry visas is available in our article here.

This guide to Russian citizenship and Russian permanent residency includes information on topics such as:

• Who can get a Russian passport or Russian permanent residency?
• Differences: Russian citizenship or Russian permanent residency?
• Applying for Russian permanent residence
• Russian citizenship requirements
• Applying for Russian citizenship
• Russian citizenship costs
• Dual nationality in Russia

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Russian federation-Ukraine war

Russia is currently at war with Ukraine.

The state of affairs fluctuates daily, and affects many aspects of life in Russia, including banking, cost of living, and immigration.

For this reason, delight exist aware that prices and options may differ from the information on this page.

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Who can get a Russian passport or Russian permanent residency?

Foreign nationals in Russia tin can apply for Russian permanent residency after living in Russia for one year and for naturalization equally a Russian citizen afterwards 5 years of permanent residence. You can also exercise this sooner if yous meet certain criteria.

In order to obtain Russian permanent residency, yous must legally reside in Russia with a valid Russian temporary residence permit (other than nationals from Belarus, refugees from Turkmenistan, and those entering on a Highly Skilled Migrant visa, who are entitled to permanent residence upon inbound Russia). This is unremarkably for those in Russia on a long-stay visa such every bit a Russian work visa. Temporary residence permits have government quotas and certain categories of foreign residents receive preference. Run across our guide to Russian visas and residence permits for even more information.

The Russian General Directorate of Migratory Affairs (GUVM) issues residence permits and Russian passports.

Differences: Russian citizenship or Russian permanent residency?

The Russian permanent residence permit is a step towards taking on Russian citizenship. Many people are happy to settle in Russia on permanent residency alone. Nevertheless, there are sure rights and benefits for both Russian citizens and permanent residents. Both may take upward employment in Russia without a work permit. In addition to this, both are able to:

• freely enter and exit Russia without needing a visa
• access Russian social services
• permanently register at a Russian address
• engage in self-employment or set a concern
• vote in local elections and referendums

The following applies only to those with full Russian citizenship:

• issued with a Russian passport (ranked 43^rd in the world on the passport index)
• full balloter rights in all national elections
• right to piece of work in the state bodies of the Russian federation
• duty to serve in the Russian military machine
• cannot be deported
• tin can live overseas for an unlimited period of time

The Russian permanent residence permit is valid for five years only tin be renewed an unlimited number of times. Even so, it has to be registered with the GUVM every year. If a Russian permanent residence permit expires, it cannot be renewed. It volition also become invalid if you leave the country for an unbroken six calendar month menses.

If you take full Russian citizenship through naturalization, you lot will as well need to renounce the citizenship of your home country. You will also have to pay the Russian citizenship fee and embark on a process that tin can take up to a yr to complete.

Applying for Russian permanent residence

You tin utilize for Russian permanent residence after 1 twelvemonth of legally residing in Russia. You should do this half-dozen months before your temporary residence permit expires. The Russian permanent residence let is valid for five years, can be extended an unlimited number of times but information technology cannot exist issued across the expiration date of your passport. Renewal of a Russian permanent residence let must exist done at to the lowest degree two months prior to its expiration. If your allow is revoked, even so, you lot must leave Russia inside 15 days.

Russian permanent residence applications need to be made at the GUVM office in your region. A list of local GUVM offices is available here. Exact documents required vary depending on whether yous are from a CIS or not-CIS land, simply will include the following:

• four ten passport-sized photographs
• passport or valid ID
• proof of income to sustain yourself and any family members you lot are supporting
• proof of accommodation
• medical document confirming absenteeism of HIV (AIDS)
• proof of proficiency in Russian language, knowledge of Russian history and of the foundations of the Russia

If yous are living in Russia, yous tin can check your eligibility for a Russian permanent residence permit here.

Russian citizenship requirements

Current Russian citizenship requirements are according to the 2002 Russian Citizenship Human action. You tin can acquire Russian citizenship through the following ways:

• by nascence
• through naturalization (either common or simplified process)
• past restoration of citizenship for former citizens

Russian citizenship by nascency

A child can claim Russian citizenship through nascence if any of the following applies:

• both parents are Russian citizens (or one parent if a single parent)
• if one parent is a Russian citizen and the other is stateless
• one parent is a Russian denizen and the other is a foreign national, if the kid is born in Russia
• ane parent is a Russian citizen and the other is a foreign national, if the child is built-in outside Russia and hasn't been granted citizenship of any foreign country
• both parents are foreign nationals living in Russia, if the child is born in Russia and hasn't been granted citizenship of whatsoever foreign state
• a child in Russia without parents, if still parent-less after a half dozen calendar month period

Russian citizenship past naturalization (common process)

Foreign nationals living in Russian federation tin apply for citizenship past naturalization if they run into the following requirements:

• they hold a valid permanent residence permit
• they accept lived equally a permanent resident in Russia for v years (with no periods living outside Russia exceeding three months in any one year)
• hold to abide by the Russian constitution
• can provide proof of legal means of subsistence for themselves and whatsoever family unit members they are supporting
• have renounced the citizenship of their dwelling house country (except for countries that have dual citizenship treaties with Russia)
• can provide proof of basic command of the Russian language

The Russian permanent residence requirement can lessen to one yr for the following groups:

• those who accept entered Russia on a Highly Qualified Professional visa
• those who have refugee status

Russian citizenship by naturalization (simplified process)

Certain categories of foreign national can employ for Russian citizenship by naturalization as shortly as they take become permanent residents. These are foreign nationals who:

• take at least one parent who is a Russian citizen living in Russia
• had former USSR citizenship but have non taken citizenship of any quondam USSR country
• are citizens of sometime USSR states who have received secondary, vocational, or college education in Russia after 2002
• were USSR citizens born in Soviet Russian federation
• were married to a Russian denizen for at to the lowest degree three years
• accept a disability and accept a capable child who is a Russian citizen
• take a disability and are from a quondam USSR country
• are from a former USSR country and were legally residing in Russian federation on 1 July 2002
• World State of war Two veterans who were citizens of the former USSR
• are a child or a disabled person with a legal guardian who is a Russian citizen

Restoration of citizenship for onetime Russian citizens

Quondam Russian citizens who take given up their Russian citizenship voluntarily may have their Russian citizenship reinstated after three years of residence in Russia.

Russian federation also has a joint international treaty with Republic of belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan enabling citizens of those countries to apply for Russian citizenship using a simplified process.

Applying for Russian citizenship

The GUVM processes Russian citizenship applications. Earlier applying for Russian citizenship by naturalization, you need to submit a request to an authorized agency to renounce the citizenship y'all concord inside your home country. This asking volition just be carried through upon being successfully granted Russian citizenship.

You will need to submit your Russian citizenship application through the GUVM, besides as documents including:

• proof of Russian language capability
• proof of income
• application to renounce electric current citizenship

If your Russian citizenship application is successful, you will exist issued with an internal Russian passport (to be replaced with a citizen'due south identity menu in 2022) and volition as well be eligible to apply for a Russian passport for international travel. Russian passports are valid for 10 years.

Decisions on Russian citizenship applications tin can take upward to a year and are made by the Role of the President of the Russian Federation. Applications via the simplified procedure take up to half-dozen months and are made by the GUVM. If your application for Russian citizenship is rejected, nevertheless, y'all are entitled to appeal through the courts. You lot should contact your local GUVM function for information.

Russian citizenship costs

The Russian citizenship cost is R3500 for the application. Those from onetime USSR countries who haven't taken up citizenship in these countries, besides as parent-less children, are exempt from this fee. The cost of a Russian passport is R3500 for adults and R1500 for children. It is possible to purchase a special shorter-term passport that lasts for five years for R2000.

Dual nationality in Russia

Russian dual citizenship is a complex issue. On the one hand, Russian federation officially allows dual citizenship and Russian citizens can acquire citizenship abroad without giving up their Russian citizenship. Even so, the Russian land sees dual citizens as Russians only. In fact, Russia has dual citizenship treaties with just two countries: Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. Citizenships of these countries are equal. However, recent changes in the law mean that Russian citizens acquiring dual nationality away demand to inform their local GUVM office within 60 days.

If y'all become a Russian citizen through naturalization, yous must renounce the citizenship of your home country during the Russian citizenship application process. This may provide grounds for you permanently losing your citizenship of your dwelling country, depending on what the rules are regarding citizenship. You lot will as well need to inquire with the relevant government of your home country if y'all have concerns regarding this.

Source: https://www.expatica.com/ru/moving/visas/russian-citizenship-995117/

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